Background papers
The ongoing expansion of renewable energies in Germany is leading to increasing fluctuations in the supply of electricity due to the volatility of photovoltaics and wind energy. At times, high surplus flows are generated that cannot be sold or even given away in Europe. At other times, there are shortfalls. From GES’s point of view, […]
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Flying has become a matter of course for many people. Air transport of people and goods is expected to double or even triple again in the coming decades. In spite of all “flying shame”. Due to population and economic growth, the markets of the future are in India, China and Africa. Alternative forms of propulsion […]
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Switzerland is home to one of the largest and most modern pyrolysis plants in the world. Pyrolysis is a chemical process in which organic compounds are decomposed in the absence of oxygen. This plant is equipped with residual wood from the region. This is used to generate electricity and heat for customers in the surrounding […]
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In the GES reference solution for addressing global energy and climate issues, pyrolysis also plays an important role. Especially because of the negative emissions generated this way, but also because the result is a product that improves soil quality. GES proposes to upgrade one billion hectares of degraded soils worldwide – by incorporating plant charcoal, […]
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An excerpt: “The German energy transition represents a special path in international comparison, because no other country is simultaneously phasing out fossil energies and nuclear power. This special path causes immense costs, which are primarily borne by the citizens. At the same time, it only makes a small contribution to achieving the global climate protection […]
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Nature-based solutions for binding CO2 play a decisive role in climate protection. The aim is to preserve, relieve and expand the absorption capacity of the biosphere. In addition to their positive impact on the climate, nature-based solutions have many positive effects in terms of the 2030 Agenda, with the potential to create several trillion US […]
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The short answer is: No, because it does not absorb infrared radiation, like carbon dioxide or methane, for example. But: Hydrogen acts like a climate gas because it contributes to interactions in the upper atmosphere that make it more difficult to radiate energy into space. The current state of knowledge about these phenomena is limited. […]
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Forest plantations consist of fast-growing tree species. The seedlings are planted in rows. The preferred plant in Brazil is the eucalyptus. There are now forest plantations on about 10 million hectares. However, the landscape does not resemble an endless monoculture. This is because the forest owners have to convert at least 30 percent of the […]
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The world’s oceans are the largest carbon store on earth and one of the most important buffers of CO2. Annually, marine ecosystems can absorb about 3 gigatonnes of the greenhouse gas. This is a relevant magnitude. Even a transport of CO2 into deeper layers of the oceans beyond 3000 or 4000 metres is apparently possible, […]
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When electricity flows, electrons are on the move. When (synthetic) fuels flow, they are molecules. As a result of the global energy transition, the transport routes of both electrons and molecules will change. In addition, the demand for energy will increase over the coming decades, which in turn will affect transport capacities. In their paper, […]
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